🎁 Horizon: Extra-Info Clauses
Second input lesson of the relative-clauses expedition. Learners contrast defining and non-defining clauses through sentences whose truth changes with commas, master the comma-clause rulebook (who/which/whose/where only, never that, never drop the pronoun), and train the audible comma-pause. The story turns the whiteboard into an operating table for Sentence Surgery: flat sentences get enriched with bonus clauses, and Priya discovers the super-which that comments on a whole sentence.
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Lesson Plan
- Smuggling a bonus fact with your voice
- Two sentences, two truths
- What follows “by the way”?
Key Vocabulary
Grammar Points
- Non-defining clauses sit between commas and add optional information about an already-identified noun
- That is impossible in non-defining clauses, and the pronoun can never be dropped
- Commas change truth: The students, who finished early, left = all of them left; without commas = only those who finished early
- Sentence-comment which: …, which + comment refers to the whole previous clause, not a single noun
- In speech each comma is realised as a small pitch drop and pause around the bonus information
