🚧 Horizon: Modal & Continuous Passives
A renovation locks the crew out of the studio, and every closed door teaches grammar: signs speak in modal passives — rules without a boss — while the corridor models the present continuous passive live. Learners decode sign modals (must be / must not be / can’t be / should be + past participle), narrate what is being done around them, defuse the classic been-versus-being trap, and design a studio notice of their own.
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Lesson Plan
- Who gives the orders on signs?
- Is repaired vs is being repaired
- School rules as signs
Key Vocabulary
Grammar Points
- Modal passive: modal + be + past participle (must be worn, can’t be fixed, should be booked) — bare be after the modal, never to be or been
- Present continuous passive: am/is/are + being + past participle for actions in progress (The lift is being repaired)
- Past continuous passive: was/were + being + past participle (The door was being taken off)
- been vs being: has been + done marks a finished result; is being + done marks an action in progress
- Sign register omits the doer because rules apply to everyone — the rule itself is the authority
