🏛️ Grammar B2-22: Passive voice: full range

B1 taught what the passive is for. This material shows that there is no separate grammar for each passive tense, no special rule for modals and no exception for infinitives: there is one instruction, carried out somewhere new each time. Put be into whatever shape the sentence already needed — is, is being, was, was being, has been, had been, will be, is going to be, will have been — and add the past participle, which never changes for anybody. A full paradigm table sets the nine tenses beside their actives so learners can watch be do all the work, and a four-move procedure has them build the active sentence first and copy its shape across. Three B2 extensions follow, each with its own section: modal passives, where the modal joins the front of the chain unchanged and reaches back with have been; passive infinitives and -ing forms, where the verb in front still dictates the shape it receives, including the everyday it needs checking beside the formal it needs to be checked; and two-object verbs, where English strongly prefers promoting the person — I was given a second chance rather than a second chance was given to me. Register is the B2 layer throughout: the passive is the voice of reports, instructions, news and science, and the tappable local-news text carries fifteen passives whose explanations name the tense and the reason. The material is designed against the four errors that survive longest — the half-built continuous, was ate, a modal with been but no have, and been after a preposition.